WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Aluminium | binding energy data

WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Aluminium | binding energy data

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日期:2026-04-21
Notes All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, and Cl 2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the v...看更多