Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies

Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies

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日期:2024-04-25
Epidemiologists seek to distinguish the causal effect of exposure A on outcome Y from associations due to other mechanisms (Figure 1). Non-causal associations may be classified into three categories (in addition to chance) 1: mismeasurement (eg, recall bi...看更多