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Negative Controls: A Tool for Detecting Confounding and Bias in Observational Studies
瀏覽:1327
日期:2026-04-21
Epidemiologists seek to distinguish the causal effect of exposure A on outcome Y from associations due to other mechanisms (Figure 1). Non-causal associations may be classified into three categories (in addition to chance) 1: mismeasurement (eg, recall bi...看更多














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